"This beautifully detailed design is remarkable for its ability on a central quad to combine green lawn space with rain gardens and systems, which are incredibly hard to merge, and it does it in a comfortable manner. . . It’s going to maintain well. They’ve allowed for tree growth and brought attention to it."- 2014 Awards Jury
“這個設計完美巧妙，構思細膩，因為它能夠把中央的一處方形地塊中綠色草坪空間和雨水花園系統完美結合起來，這些事物是很難融合到一起的，而該設計卻做到了，并且舒適自然，同時綠地環境得到了維護。設計者考慮到了植物的生長并且對此也給予了足夠的重視。”- 2014年獎項評審團
ASLA
Philadelphia, PA | Andropogon Associates Ltd. | Client: University of Pennsylvania
Shoemaker Green is a new, 2.75-acre public green at the heart of the University of Pennsylvania’s historic athletics precinct. The project has transformed an underused and under-appreciated corner of the campus into a harmonious merger of people and place, of history and emergence, and of function with high performance. The ecological sophistication and holistic approach to site design is evident in the final form of the work: a profoundly beautiful and fitting campus space.
休梅克綠地是一處新近落成，占地2.75英畝的公共綠地，位于賓夕法尼亞大學歷史上著名田徑運動場中心區。該項目將校園中一片未得到充分利用的荒廢角落改造成了一塊高效多功能的綠地，在這里，人與自然、歷史與當代和諧完美的融會到一起。在該綠地竣工之后，其設計的生態復雜性和整體分析彰顯無遺：美麗動人，心曠神怡的校園空間。
↑ Resilient Open Space
Shoemaker Green provides flexible gathering spaces throughout the site and accommodates a multitude of uses, from passive use and outdoor classrooms, to larger events, such as outdoor concerts, graduation, and international events, like the Penn Relays.
彈性靈活的開放空間
休梅克綠地橫貫校園中央，可給人們提供靈活的多功能的聚集空間：可供人們能在此休閑和用作戶外教學場地，也可在此舉辦大型活動，比如：戶外音樂會、畢業典禮及賓州接力賽等國際性比賽
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
項目簡介
休梅克綠地總共占地2.75英畝，緊靠第33街東面，位于沃爾納特街與斯普魯斯兩條街道之間。該項目將荒廢已久的網球場和幾條狹窄的通道以及具有歷史意義的戰爭紀念碑景點組成的場地改造為費城西部地區的公共綠化空間設施。該設計借鑒了賓夕法尼亞大學傳統校園綠地的特點，營造出一種似曾相識的視覺，同時將緊鄰的各建筑入口、人行道、路緣石和陡峭斜坡階梯進行了整合。整塊綠地是賓夕法尼亞大學東西方向主體步行系統的重要組成部分，它將校園中心區與田徑運動場連接起來，同時也是賓夕法尼亞大學校區向東擴建的重點區域。在該場地的邊緣是賓夕法尼亞大學最具標志性的體育設施：菲爾德豪斯體育場和富蘭克林運動場，休梅克綠地成為了這兩大歷史性建筑設施的前庭空間。該項目為可持續性校園設計樹立了標桿，同時獲得了可持續場地倡議組織的二星榮譽。
該綠地由中央半圓形草坪和一個大型雨水花園組成，其邊緣是由精細石材修筑而成的擋土墻和幾條雅致曲折的人行道所環繞。通過對賓夕法尼亞大學傳統景觀材料及設計方法的延用，這塊綠地自然地融入到原有校園環境系統中，使之具有現代感，并且實現了有效擴展。大型多層花崗巖坐墻為綠地提供了坐歇設施，綠地上種植著幾株刺槐樹，為在此休息的人們平添了幾分舒適與愜意。其間擺放地咖啡桌椅和具有賓夕法尼亞大學校園特色休閑長椅，為人們提供了一個靈活的多功能公共聚集空間。高效節能的照明設計為休梅克綠地的夜間安全提供了保障，在這些柔和燈光的照射下，校園中的歷史建筑別有一番韻味，提升了整個綠地空間的文化及歷史內含。
場地分析
在項目設計之初，設計師們便對項目場地狀況進行了深入地評估，以對整個場地空間的歷史背景、環境現狀、生態結構以及功能性做出系統的了解。場地的設計對綠地使用者需求與喜好非常在意，以賓夕法尼亞人長期以來對于自然的欣賞和他們的需求及偏好為出發點。因而，一個由賓夕法尼亞大學代表、費城相關機構代表和設計團隊代表組成的多方利益團體應運而生，對整個項目設計過程進行嚴格監督和審查，最終形成了全面完美的設計方案。
場地規劃
休梅克綠地主要是迎合休閑娛樂需求，并能夠同時容納多種校園活動的舉辦。作為校園田徑運動場核心區的全新開放公共空間，休梅克綠地還需具備諸多前所未有的綜合性功用。綠地空間投入使用后，可支持各種規模的活動的舉辦，包括一些重大的校內活動，比如：畢業典禮、大型集會以及賓州接力賽等國際性比賽，同時也可作為戶外課堂、播放夜晚露天電影、舉辦音樂會和展覽會等。
過渡空間
在斯庫基爾河沿岸賓夕法尼亞大學校園區域連接總體規劃中，休梅克綠地成為了校園中央古老建筑結構與更為現代的新型時尚開放空間之間的一個過渡。該綠地繼續秉承原有的刺槐/史密斯步行道的設計特點，并同時吸納了賓夕法尼亞大學傳統的校園綠化景觀元素，同時融入了新的設計元素，這些都反映了可持續發展及生態景觀設計的重要性。
系統化的設計思路
休梅克綠地創造了一個多功能的校園景觀空間，它不僅提供了良好的生態系統服務功能，而且還滿足了賓夕法尼亞大學提出的相關計劃要求。該綠地的功能化運行如同人的腎臟，通過一個綜合性景觀系統，收集了整個場地95%的雨水量，對雨水進行傳送、過濾及存儲，之后可以用于灌溉。其余的水源需求則依靠毗鄰建筑的屋頂雨水徑流及空調冷凝水。
休梅克綠地的設計源于一種系統化的設計思路，即將自然生態系統（土壤、植物、昆蟲、鳥類和人類）與人工營造的系統（建筑構件和基礎設施）整合成為一個功能性的整體。該設計采取雙管齊下的有效方法來管理場地內的雨水。其首要策略就是將雨水徑流傳送至一個包含經過設計的土壤層和多種原生植物的大型雙層雨水花園中，目的是對大量的雨水進行治理、過濾、蓄存，然后最終排出用于灌溉；另一個方法就是從該場地及相鄰建筑中收集雨水徑流和空調冷凝水，并將其釋放到主體綠地下方的土壤層中。這些水源在經過土壤層時被有效過濾，然后滲入到綠地以下幾英尺深的大型蓄水臺中。原有網球場中的很大一部分得以留存，并置于現有綠地下方，以支持地下循環蓄水臺的運轉。沒有流經土壤層和原生植物的多余水資源經由地下排水系統采集，之后被傳送到另一個大型蓄水池中進行蓄存，并得以循環再利用。一旦整個系統處于滿負荷運作狀態，則大量雨水將溢流入原有的市政下水道設施中，以避免嚴重積水。
在施工過程中，所有之前用過的材料都得以充分回收或升級再造。通過培訓項目承包商們了解了安裝非傳統雨水基礎設施的相應方法；確切地說，他們是了解了雨水處理設施與土壤及植栽材料協同作用的重要性。具體的施工協調和測序對于該項目成功施行是十分重要的。費城水利部門和可持續場地倡議組織都對該項目進行了嚴格檢測，并要求對項目文檔進行詳盡編制。
場地監測
休梅克綠地已成為罕見的綠色基礎設施典范，究其原因，它是一個經過嚴格檢測的高效能景觀項目，可以將水源進行回收、過濾，并有效地將清潔的水資源重新回流到環境中。一份歷時五年的監測規劃的制定，最終使得景觀建筑師、賓夕法尼亞大學教職員工及學生，以及廣大公眾都有機會共同參與到這一真正意義上的“生態景觀系統”中去。該項目的景觀設計師們與賓夕法尼亞大學教職員工及學生代表共同對以下幾個方面做了積極而深入的監測——項目場地進出雨水的數量和質量；對項目系統程式化運作起到支持性作用的土壤的生物性質、多樣性、演變過程、碳穩固性、養分循環以及土質本身；植栽材料的健康狀況（即生長與根部發育狀況）及其對土壤水分的蒸散量；灌溉水源獲取及再利用系統的運行性能及效率；人們對該綠地使用頻率的跟蹤監測；生態關聯性和人們對于綠地景觀的感知與體驗——從而將促成賓夕法尼亞大學關于綠化環境維系方面的長久性校規的出臺。對于項目場地性能的精心設計與持續性監測將有助于未來大學校園的景觀設計，同時也有助于對美國國家可持續性景觀設計指南和建筑規范的修訂產生積極的影響。
↑ Dramatic Views
The Shoemaker Green project has transformed an underused and under-appreciated corner of the campus into a harmonious urban park with dramatic views of the University of Pennsylvania’s most iconic athletic facilities.
優美的景致
休梅克綠地項目將校園內一處未得到充分利用的荒廢角落改造成和諧嫻靜的都市公園，在賓夕法尼亞大學最具標志性的運動設施襯托下形成了優美的景致。
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
↑ Site Plan
The design of Shoemaker Green creates a large, semicircular central green that is framed by sweeping, ADA accessible pathways, a large rain garden, a historic War Memorial, and several academic and athletic facilities with multiple entrances.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
總平面圖
休梅克綠地經過設計被打造成了一大片半圓形中央草坪空間，其周邊還配有寬闊的ADA無障礙道路、大型雨水花園、具有歷史意義的戰爭紀念碑以及若干設有多個入口的學術及運動建筑設施。
↑ Performance - Based Landscape
The design of Shoemaker Green stems from a systems-based thinking that integrates natural systems with man-made systems to function holistically.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
功能性景觀
休梅克綠地設計是源于系統思維，就是將自然系統與人造系統二者有機結合起來，然后打造具有全面功能的休梅克綠地。
↑ Beauty is More Than Skin Deep
Designed soils were paramount to the creation of a functional landscape. The site is built over thirty feet of urban fill. Therefore, a large portion of the existing tennis courts were left in-place for sub-surface storage.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
美麗不止在外表（地下土壤設計更為重要）
對于打造具有全面功能的休梅克綠地，地下土壤的合理設計更為重要。項目場地原先是一處深達30英尺的城市土堆，因此，現有的網球場大部分得以原地保留，以形成富有層次感的地下儲水系統。
↑ Celebration of Water
A large, two-tiered rain garden sits at the low-point of the site and captures over half of the site’s stormwater runoff. The rain garden is planted with native species that transpire a significant amount of rain water.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
水景營造
一座大型雙層式雨水花園位于項目場地的較低空間，可收集場地內過半的暴雨徑流。該雨水花園中種有許多當地植被，這樣可幫助大部分雨水蒸發。
↑ Biophilic Connections
The Shoemaker Green project is a respite from the dense, urban setting of Philadelphia and offers a multitude of experiences for users to immerse themselves in nature.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
生態關聯性
休梅克綠地的建造為生活在都市喧囂中的費城人提供了暫時休憩的閑暇之所，這里的多重綠化體驗令市民們沉浸在大自然的美好之中。
↑ Transitional Space
The Shoemaker Green project is a transitional space between the historic fabric of the campus core and the new, modern spaces of the campus’s eastward expansion.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
過渡空間
休梅克綠地成為校園中央古老建筑與其東部擴建新式現代空間之間的一個完美過渡。
↑ Artistic Flare
The detailing of the site walls is a wonderful expression of both art and craftsmanship. Granite walls are precisely detailed and fabricated to become social gathering spaces that can comfortably accommodate multiple groups.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
藝術的光芒
該綠地空間坐人矮墻的細節設計完美地詮釋了景觀藝術與墻體砌筑工藝的和諧共融。花崗巖墻體構造細膩、工藝精湛，將休梅克綠地營造成為一處能輕松容納多個團體的社交空間。
↑ Memorable Spaces
The social benches of the Palestra Plaza are located to capture the site’s best solar orientation. A bosque of oak trees provide shade during the warmer months while allowing users to bask in the sunlight during the winter months.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
令人難忘的景觀空間
在陽光充足的競技廣場上，擺放著許多可供多人落坐的景觀長椅，人們在這里可以盡情享受陽光的親撫。橡樹叢在溫暖的時節里灑下斑駁的樹影，在蕭瑟的寒冬里亦可使人沐浴在燦爛的陽光中。
↑ Social Gathering Spaces
Loose tables and chairs are located outside of the café space allowing users to arrange their own spaces while enjoying lunch or a cup of coffee.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
社交空間
咖啡館外隨意地擺放著桌椅，人們可以根據自己的喜好自由挪動這些桌椅，在愜意的視覺環境中盡情享受午餐與咖啡時光。
↑ Architectural Expression
The main entrance wall is a series of monolithic granite segments that transition from a curb to a retaining wall as the grade falls away. The precisely detailed wall slips between a retaining wall and a seat wall along the western edge.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
建筑表現
綠地主入口處的墻體由一系列碩大的花崗巖塊砌筑而成，并根據原有地形坡度的高差從路緣石邊緣逐步過渡成擋土墻。沿著綠地西側邊緣砌筑的墻體造型獨特，在擋土墻與坐人矮墻之間轉換角色。
↑ Historic Context
The design of Shoemaker Green celebrates the historic fabric of the campus while introducing a 21st Century interpretation of the campus standards. The War Memorial is shown in the foreground with the Palestra in the background.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
歷史背景
休梅克綠地的設計建造具有歷史意義，即為校園內的古老建筑營造良好的綠化環境，又為校園景觀標準提供21世紀的全新解讀。以競技廣場為背景的戰爭紀念碑莊嚴地矗立在那里，見證了校園的歷史。
↑ A Place of Respite
Shoemaker Green affords spectacular long views across the main green transforming this once underused site into an iconic green space.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
休閑空間
休梅克綠地將原先未得到充分利用的校園場地改造成標志性綠地休閑空間，其目的在于營造出廣闊的綠化視角。
↑ Urban Context
The aesthetic of Shoemaker Green expresses a new sensibility toward ecological design all within the context of an urban setting.
Photo Credit: Barrett Doherty and Andropogon
都市紋理
休梅克綠地的美學意義在于它完美表現了都市環境中的生態設計所具有的全新意義。
Introduction
Shoemaker Green is a 2.75-acre site located immediately east of 33rd Street between Walnut and Spruce Streets. The project transformed an existing site with aging tennis courts, narrow pathways, and obstructed views of a historic War Memorial into a cherished public amenity for West Philadelphia. The design draws on the character of Penn’s College Green to create a familiar feel while seamlessly integrating adjacent building entrances, pathways, curbs, and steps across a steeply sloping site. The completed green is a vital component of the University of Pennsylvania’s primary east-west pedestrian system, connecting the central campus to the athletics precinct, and serving as the focal point of Penn’s eastward expansion. The site is bordered by the University’s most iconic athletic facilities, the Palestra Fieldhouse and Franklin Field, and serves as the “front yard” to these historic structures. The project sets a benchmark for sustainable campus design, earning two-stars from the Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITES™).
The green is organized around a central, semicircular lawn and a large rain garden, bordered by precisely-detailed stone retaining walls and elegantly-graded pathways. The green integrates with and extends the existing campus circulation system by utilizing the University’s landscape standard materials and treatments, but with a modern sensibility. Seating is provided by large, multi-leveled granite seat walls, welcoming visitors with comfortable Black Locust wood insets. Café tables and chairs, as well as free-standing benches typical of the Penn campus, offer flexible gathering spaces throughout the site. High-efficiency lighting provides safety at night, while heightening the sense of place by beautifully illuminating the historic architecture.
Site Analysis
The design of Shoemaker Green began with an in-depth site assessment to methodically review and understand the space’s history, context, ecological structure, and functional capacity. The design was sensitive to the needs and requirements of site users, born of a long appreciation of the nature of Penn’s population and their needs and preferences over the hours and seasons that the green would be occupied. A diverse stakeholder group, including representatives from within the University, Philadelphia agencies, and the design community, refined the final design through a rigorous design review process.
Site Program
Shoemaker Green caters to a program of mainly passive recreation, but the site can adapt to accommodate events and activities at multiple scales. This park has met the demand for new open space in the historic athletics precinct to host a myriad of uses, many of which had not previously existed on campus. The green now graciously supports a wide range of different-sized events, including large, key campus moments such as graduation and convocation, international events like the Penn Relays, and new programming such as outdoor classrooms, movie nights, concerts, and fairs.
Transitional Space
Shoemaker Green provides a transition from the historic fabric at the core of campus to the more contemporary new open space developments of the PennConnects Master Plan along the Schuylkill River. The green continues the Locust Walk/Smith Walk corridor, referencing landscape elements of Penn’s historic College Green while introducing new design elements that reflect the importance of sustainability and ecologically sensitive landscape design.
Systems-Based Thinking
Shoemaker Green has created a functional landscape that provides eco-system services in addition to satisfying the programmatic requirements set forth by the University. The site functions much like a kidney capturing ninety-five percent of the site’s rainwater through an integrated landscape system that includes the conveyance, filtering, and storage of stormwater for reuse as irrigation. Additional water is provided from roof runoff and air conditioning condensate from the adjacent buildings.
The design of Shoemaker Green stems from a systems-based thinking that integrates natural systems (soils, plants, insects, birds and human beings) with man-made systems (building components and infrastructure) to function as a whole. The design has a two-pronged approach to manage the site’s stormwater. The first strategy is to convey stormwater runoff to a large, two-tiered rain garden that contains designed soils and native plant species to manage, filter, store, and transpire a significant amount of stormwater. A second approach is to collect stormwater runoff from the site, as well as runoff from the roof and condensate from adjacent buildings, and release the water into the soil under the main green. This water is cleaned while percolating through the designed soils as it makes its way to a large storage bed several feet below the green. A large portion of the existing tennis courts were left in-place under the main green to support a recycled aggregate storage bed. Any excess water that is not taken up by the soils and plants is captured in this bed through an underdrainage system and conveyed to a large cistern and stored for reuse. Once the entire system reaches full capacity, very large storms overflow to the existing municipal sewer line preventing flooding.
During construction, all existing materials were recycled or upcycled. Contractors were educated about installing non-traditional stormwater infrastructure; specifically, the importance of working with soils and plant material. Detailed coordination of construction activities and sequencing was paramount to the importance of the successful implementation of this project. Stringent testing and documentation were required by both the Philadelphia Water Department and SITES™.
Site Monitoring
Shoemaker Green has become what green infrastructure seldom is: a monitored, high-performance landscape that captures, filters, and effectively delivers clean water back to the environment. A five-year monitoring plan has been developed to allow landscape architects, University of Pennsylvania faculty, students and staff, and the general public to interact with a truly “living system.” The following aspects of the project are being actively monitored by the project landscape architects, faculty, and students, and will shape University policy for years to come: Stormwater quantity and quality entering and exiting the site; Soil biology, diversity, evolution, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and capacity to support programmed activities; Robustness (growth and root development) and evapotranspiration rates of the plant material; Performance and efficiency of the irrigation capture and reuse system; Behavior mapping to track people’s use of the site; and, Biophilic connections and people’s perception and experience of the green. The design and ongoing monitoring of site performance will help inform future University landscape design and help influence national sustainable landscape guidelines and building codes.
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發布日期：2015-06-01 瀏覽次數：435
