范雪美,黃輝,黃毅,楊金運
(廣州市設計院集團有限公司,廣州 510620)
摘 要:根據負壓排水收集系統的收集形式與技術特點,結合廣州市石樓鎮沿河村居的生活污水工程實例進行分析,提出地形復雜、建筑密集、巷道狹窄的沿河村居生活污水治理新思路。對負壓污水收集系統的負壓站、負壓收集器、負壓收集管網、管材、智能化控制等進行針對性設計,并從正壓和負壓兩種污水收集系統的建設難易度、運行維護及綜合經濟效益等方面進行綜合對比分析。結果表明,負壓污水收集系統在解決南方典型沿河村居污水收集困難的問題具有較強優勢,供類似工程參考。
關鍵詞:沿河村居;農村生活污水;正壓污水收集系統;負壓污水收集系統
中圖分類號:TU991 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1000-4602(XXXX)XX
Risk Design of domestic drainage collection and treatment system for villages along the river
Fan Xuemei, Huang Hui, Huang Yi, Yang Jinyun
(GuangZhou Design Institute Group Co.Ltd,Guangzhou 510620, China )
Abstract:Based on the analysis of the practical engineering case of sewage collection system in the Shilou Town in Guangzhou and the applicable conditions and technical characteristics of the negative pressure drainage collection system , this paper proposes a new idea of rural domestic sewage treatment for the riverside village with complex terrain, dense buildings and narrow streets.The comprehensive comparative analysis on the construction difficulty, operation and maintenance, and comprehensive economic benefits is conducted for the positive pressure drainage collection system and the negative pressure one. The results show that the negative pressure drainage collection system has conspicuous technical advantages in solving the following difficulties in drainage collection in typical southern riverside villages and towns. The items have been targeted in the design in our practical engineering case of` sewage collection system in the Shilou Town, such as the negative pressure station, negative pressure collector, collection pipe network and pipe materials, and intelligent control of the negative pressure drainage collection system, which would provide a promising technical way for similar engineering projects.
Key words:riverside village;rural domestic drainage ;positive pressure drainage collection system;negative pressure drainage collection system
為深入踐行習近平生態文明思想,貫徹落實黨中央、國務院關于全面推進鄉村振興戰略重要部署,廣州市根據《關于貫徹 “百縣千鎮萬村高質量發展工程”高水平推動農村生活污水治理的工作方案》(粵辦函〔2023〕70 號)文件精神,高水平推動全市農村生活污水治理工作,建設宜居宜業和美鄉村。為落實治水責任,2024年廣州市第1號總河長令要求廣州各區總河長、副總河長要堅定扛起第一責任人的職責,深刻認識農村生活污水治理對深入打好農業農村污染治理攻堅戰的重要意義,因地制宜、分類施策,科學制定技術可行、經濟合理的治理方案,推動全市農村生活污水治理顯實效、出示范。
19世紀荷蘭工程師提出負壓排水系統,負壓排水系統通過真空設備使排水管道內產生一定真空度,利用氣壓差輸送污水,具有管徑小、埋深淺、構筑物少、鋪設靈活、不易淤堵和滲漏等優點,克服了重力的限制[1]。我國近年來該技術逐漸趨于成熟,大型建筑、城鎮升級改造均引入了負壓排水系統,行業也發布了 CECS 316—2012《室外真空排水系統工程技術規程》[2]、RISN-TG034—2018《污水源分離排水系統工程技術導則》[3]等技術標準。部分農村地區也將負壓排水系統技術用于解決地形復雜、建筑密集、街道狹窄等帶來的污水收集盲區問題,如:蘇州市吳中區甪直鎮甫南村項目[1]、天津市寧河區馮家臺村項目[4]、邯鄲永年縣南界河店村項目[5],為農村排水系統的建設開辟了新路徑,但仍未解決沿河村居的污水難收集問題。本文以廣州市番禺區石樓鎮江鷗村鞏固提升工程為例,因地制宜提出沿河村居的負壓排水系統治理方案,供沿河村居的農村生活污水治理提供參考。